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VILLA ADRIANA by MARINA DE FRANCESCHINI

ACCADEMIA



Still in private property, one of the lesser known buildings of the Villa

©MarinaDeFranceschini - Progetto Accademia

ACCADEMIA (n. 55)

Three hundred meters from Roccabruna, at the southern end of the esplanade, stands one of the most evocative and least known buildings of Hadrian's Villa, the Accademia.


The first structure you come across is what remains of the so-called Belvedere or entrance pavilion of which three of the four original pillars remain standing, placed above a podium equipped with two access stairs which were a safety filter.


The entrance pavilion of the Accademia known as Belvedere


The pillars supported a roof about which the scholars have conflicting opinions; some of them like Hansen think that there was a dome. 

Near the Belvedere, the plans by Contini and Piranesi report the existence of a stair that came up from from the retaining wall and therefore from the road that ran alongside it.


In this Pavilion known as Belvedere, the magnificent statues of the Centaurs signed by Aristeas and Papias were found; today they are in the Capitoline Museums of Rome.



One of the two Centaurs found in the Belvedere of the Accademia


From the Pavilion you entered the large inner garden of the Accademia, surrounded by a portico.


Its high perimeter walls make it a closed, secret garden, probably to protect it from the winds, given that it is located on the top of the hill. But on the eastern side of the garden there was a double portico (similar to that of Poecile), one on the inner side of the portico and the other outside, accessible through a large opening and overlooking an artificial terrace with a panoramic view.


On the northern side of the inner portico, three rooms are preserved which have been transformed into a hay-loft, surmounted by a columbarium tower; in one of them part of the original stucco ceiling are still in place.


The rooms transformed into a hay-loft

On the eastern side of the portico is the best preserved and most important hall of the complex, the so-called Temple of Apollo. It is a lARGE circular room, over 12 m. in diameter, of which only half remains standing.


The Temple of Apollo

The lower part has a series of brick half columns, above which there was an architrave. The upper part had windows alternating with semicircular niches; most scholars believe it was covered by a dome, but no fragments of it can be seen on the ground.


The Mosaic of the Doves

On the eastern side of the Temple of Apollo there was a rectangular alcove, inside which the famous mosaic of the Doves was found, which today is in the Capitoline Museum at Rome. The walls of the room were entirely covered in marble, and have rectangular recesses in which large marble reliefs were probably placed.


To the south of the Temple of Apollo is a vast apsidal room called the Zooteca, in whose walls you can see large holes for the beams of the roof of a portico which surrounded an inner garden; in the center of the apse there was a door that led into a smaller room which constituted one of the many concealed accesses to the Villa.

This room was part of a north-south axial path that started from the Accademia Esplanade and ended in a small room at the opposite end of the complex.

 

The plans by Contini, Piranesi, Winnefeld and Salza Prina Ricotti show a series of structures ion the south side of the portico of the Accademia, which are no longer visible today because they were razed to the ground or incorporated into a farmhouse and in the Casino built by the Bulgarini family. According to Piranesi, there must have been a thermal plant in this area.


The Accademia Esplanade was also surrounded by retaining walls on the eastern side. These walls, hidden by vegetation, passed obliquely behind the Canopus until they reached the Temple of Apollo under which they transformed into a cryptoporticus, accessible from a flat area on a lower level, located between the Accademia and the Inferi Underworld.


The ancient plans (Contini and Piranesi) show the presence of subterranean corridors also under the central portico of the Accademia.


SEE: De Franceschini 1991, pp. 321-356 e 582-591; De Franceschini 2009 e 2012c; De Franceschini-Marras 2010e e 2010b, 2012


Villa Adriana - Progetto Accademia
©2023-24 Marina De Franceschini
www.rirella-editrice.com

e-Mail: rirella.editrice@gmail.com
VILLA ADRIANA di Marina De Franceschini

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