Selected Bibliografy

The greatest part of ancient texts has an antiquarian character and gives information, often copying the very same words from one to the other. Only the most recent studies apply scientific standards, and realistically deal with the architecture and structure of the Villa, leaving aside the legends about its treasures. Texts are listed in chronological order, and only the more useful are taken into consideration – sometimes with a comment. Titles on the subject are more than 500.

Index
- Antiquarian texts
- Studies on antiquarian texts
- Fundamental works starting from the end of the XIX century
- Single excavation and explorations reports
- General works on the Villa
- Stuccoes, mosaics and frescoes
- Gardens, nymphaea and waterworks
- Cryptoporticoes and subterranean galleries
- Sculpture
- Architectural questions: 'problem domes'
- Restorations
Antiquarian texts
Biondo Flavio
Roma Ristaurata et Italia Illustrata di Biondo da Forlì. Tradotta in buona lingua volgare per Lucio Fauno. In Vinegia appresso a Domenico Giglio 1558

Totaro L.
"Pio II e i suoi commentarii: un contributo alla lettura della autobiografia di Enea Silvio Piccolomini". Bologna 1978 pp. 235

Pirro Ligorio - Codice di Torino
De la Villa Hadriana Tiburtina - Libro o vero trattato delle Antichità XXII di Phyrro Ligorio Patritio Napoletano et Cittadino Romani nel quale si dichiarano alcune famose Ville et particolarmente della Antica Città di Tibure et di alcuni monumenti. Archivio di Stato di Torino a II 7 J20 fol 30r-55.
Pirro Ligorio - Codice Vaticano latino 5295
Trattato delle Antichità di Tivoli et della Villa Hadriana fatto da Pyrrho Ligorio Patritio Napoletano et dedicato all'Ill.mo Cardinal di Ferrara. Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Cod. Vat. Lat. 5295 fol. 1r - 32 v.

The precious ligorian Codes (a third is in Leyden) are the most ancient description we have of Villa Hadriana, but unfortunately do not include the plans of the buildings - just some blank sheets left for that purpose which were never completed with the drawings. Together with scholarly quotations, descriptions of the life of ancient romans and fantastic digressions of greek mythology, there is a precious wealth of information on excavations, on finds - especially sculptures - and also on the buildings. The scholars who did not have the time to read Ligorio accuse him to be a fantasy writer. Those who read him and visited the Villa knowing the ligorian texts, could always find correspondence between what is described and what was found, as far as materials and the appearance of the buildings are concerned.

Del Re A.
Dell'antichità tiburtine. Roma 1611

Contini F.
Hadriani Caesaris immanem in agro tiburtino villam. Roma 1668
This is Ligorio's plan checked and drawn by Francesco Contini for Cardinal Barberini in 1668. With a brief description of the buildings.

Kircher A.
Latium Latii tum veteris tum novi. Historica descriptio. Amsterdam 1671 p. 145-154.
It has the same plan of Villa Hadriana by Contini 1668.

Kircher A.
Id est nova et parallela Latii tum veteris tum novi descriptio. Amstelodami 1671, Villa Adriana

Contini F.
Pianta della villa tiburtina di Adriano Cesare. Roma 1751 (Ristampa)
It is the Contini plan of 1668 re-edited in 1751 because it was very rare. It is one single large sheet, while the previous one was cut in different sheets, where the details are more visible.

Furietti G.A.
De Musivis. Roma 1752

Ristori Gabbrielli G.
Pianta della possessione spettante al Conte Fede, 1770
Plan, map and drawings of the part of the Villa which in the XVIII century belonged to Count Giuseppe Fede, who carried out excavations and restorations in his property. This map shows the myriad of small properties that insisted on the grounds of the Villa, and is extremely important to understand who were the owners.

Cabral S. - Del Re F.
Delle ville e dei più notabili monumenti antichi della città e del territorio di Tivoli 1779
A generic description of the Villa and its surroundings.

Piranesi G.B.
Pianta delle fabbriche esistenti nella Villa Adriana - Roma 1781 (published after his death by his son Francesco)
It is still fundamental because in this plan are shown details of buildings which are not visible anymore, because of the growth of vegetation or because they have been damaged or destroyed. An enormous wealth of information.

Fea C.
Miscellanea filologica critica ed antiquaria dell'Avvocato Fea. Notizie di antichità ricavate dalle opere dell'Abate Francesco Ficoroni. Roma 1790

Moroni
Musivorum quae Bergomi in Comitis Equitis Antonii Moroni Aedibus asservantur. Historica Descriptio. Bergamo 1791

De' Bardi G.
Della imperial Villa Adriana e di altre sontuosissime già adiacenti alla città di Tivoli. 1825

Rossini L.
Antichità dei contorni di Roma, ossia le più famose città del Lazio: Tivoli, Albano, Castelgandolfo, Palestrina, Tuscolo, Cora, Ferentino. Roma 1826

Fea C.
Miscellanea filologica, critica e antiquaria dell'Avv. Carlo Fea. Notizie di antichità ricavate dalle opere dell'Abate Francesco Ficoroni. Tomo II 1827
Brief information concerning the most famous sculpture or mosaic finds in the Villa in the XVIII and XIX centuries.

Nibby A.
Descrizione della Villa Adriana - Roma 1827
A detailed description of the Villa, quoting previous texts, together with a good map.

Sebastiani F.A.
Viaggio a Tivoli, antichissima città latino sabina, fatto nel 1825. Foligno 1828

Penna A.
Viaggio pittorico della Villa Adriana Roma - vol. I-IV 1830-1836.
A real pictorial itinerary of the Villa, with beautyful engravings that are a precious documentation of its state of preservation at the beginnings of the XIX century. Other engravings of statues and mosaics make this a precious tool to identify them.

Bulgarini F.
Notizie storico antiquarie statistiche ed agronomiche intorno all'antichissima città di Tivoli e suo territorio. Roma 1848
Written by a descendant of the Bulgarini family, who since the XVI century owns the Accademia and lives in a Casino built on a part of it, this book gives very important information on ancient excavations and also on Tivoli and other roman antiquities in the surrounding area.

Nibby A.
Analisi storico topografico antiquaria della carta de' dintorni di Roma III - Roma 1849, p. 647-706.
Same text as the 'Descrizione' (also by Nibby) gives the same information.

Nicodemi M.A.
Storia di Tivoli. 1926


Studies on antiquarian texts

Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Villa Adriana in Pirro Ligorio e Francesco Contini" in Memorie dell'Accademia dei Lincei 1973-4 p. 3-47 tav. I-IV XVII
Deals with the problems of the study of ligorian codes and their interpretation.

Ten A.
"Libro dell’antica città di Tivoli e di alcune famose ville", a cura di A. Ten, Roma 2005
A precious and useful book publishing the complete text of Pirro Ligorio's Codes now in the State Archives of Turin, with a special comment on their section describing Hadrian's Villa. Since some drawings certainly made by Ligorio show the same handwriting of the Turin Codes, they are authentic and were written by Ligorio himself. The opinion of Salza that the Turin Codes where a late apocryphal version is proven to be wrong.

Ranaldi A.
Pirro Ligorio e l'interpretazione delle ville antiche 2001
A very accurate study on Renaissance and roman villas, with a special attention for Villa Adriana. It gives a very vivid picture of the great interest for the great monuments of roman antiquity at the time of the Renaissance.

Pinto J.
"Piranesi at Hadrian's Villa" in Eius virtuti studiosi. Classical and postclassical Studies in Memory of Frank Edward Brown, 1900-1988. Washington 1993, pp. 464-477
Hidalgo R.
"Piranesi y el dibujo preparatorio de la 'pianta delle fabbriche esistenti nella Villa Adriana' del Museo de San Martino en Nàpoles" in El Concepto de lo provincial en el mundo antiguo, Cordoba 2006, pp. 281-300 Homenaje a la profesora Pilar Leòn Alons

On the original preparatory drawings for the plan of Hadrian's Villa, made by Giovan Battista Piranesi, now in Naples in the San Martino Museum.

Conti V.
"Giambattista Piranesi (1720-1778) e Francesco Piranesi (1758-1810): vedute e antichità di Tivoli", Roma 1996, pp. 156
Beautiful reproductions of the engravings made by Giovan Battista Piranesi and of his map of Hadrian's Villa, which was published by his son Francesco after his death. This most useful book gives easy access to maps and documents that it is not always easy to find in Libraries.

Pinon P.
"Pierrre Adrien Paris (1745-1819) architecte et les monuments antiques de Rome", Roma 2007
Contains some plans of Hadrian's Villa and explains the important role that the french architect played in the studies on roman antiquities at his time.

Raspi Serra J. - Themelly A.
"Disegni di antichità nelle collezioni della Bibliothéque Municipal e del Musée des Beaux Arts et d'Archeologie di Besançon. Presentazione e profilo di ricerca" in Eutopia 1993, 2, pp. 133-153

On a corpus of plans and sketches made in the XVIII Century by the Architects Pensionnaires of the Academy of France at Rome, now in the Library of Besançon, France.
Raspi Serra J.
"A la recherche de l'Antiquité: le nouveau regard sur les monuments" in La fascination de l'Antique. Rome 1700-1770 Catalogo della mostra di Lione del 1998-1999. pp. 84-94

Raspi Serra J.
"Fouilles et découvertes, personnages et débats" in La fascination de l'Antique. Rome 1700-1770 Catalogo della mostra di Lione del 1998-1999. pp. 116-120



Fundamental works starting from the end of the XIX century

Lanciani R.
"Relazioni su Villa Adriana" in Notizie degli Scavi 1878 p. 37, 68-9 e 1378

Fiorelli G.
"Scavi a Villa Adriana" in Notizie degli Scavi 1880 p. 229-230 e 479

Blondel P.
"Restauration du prétendu Théâtre Maritime de la Villa Adriana" in Melanges de l'Ecole Française de Rome 1881 I p. 63-67 tav. II

Lanciani R.
"Scavi e scoperte a Villa Adriana" in Notizie degli Scavi 1881 p. 91, 105-106, 138
Lanciani R.
"Disegni di antichità nella biblioteca di S. Maria di Eton" in Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 1892 22 p. 158-187
Lanciani R.
"Di un nuovo codice di Pier Leone Ghezzi contentente notizie di antichità" in Bullettino dei Musei Comunali di Roma 1893 21 p. 165-182

Sortais
"Canope" in Monuments antiques releves 1893 p. 211- 214

Lanciani R.
"Disegni di Pier Leone Ghezzi" in Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 1894 22 p. 179

Winnefeld H.
"Die Villa des Hadrian bei Tivoli" in Jahrbuch des Deutsches Archäologisces Instituts Rom - Erganzungshefte 5 1895
The first detailed study on Villa Hadriana, summarizing information from previous sources. With an accurate inventory of the finds.

Gusman P.
La villa Impériale de Tibur - Paris 1904
Features beautyful engravings and pictures, and is another fundamental text on the Villa.

Reina V. - Lanciani R.
"Tivoli - rilievo planimetrico e altimetrico della villa Adriana, eseguito dalla Scuola per gli Ingegneri" in Notizie degli Scavi 1906 p. 313-317
The first general map of the Villa drawn using trigonometry and modern techniques. Unfortunately it does not include all the buildings of the Villa, and it is difficult to see the inner details of plans the buildings

Chillman J.
"The Casino of semicircular arcades at the tiburtine villa of the Empero Hadrian" in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 1920 p. 103-120 tav. 50-56

Reichardt W.L.
"The Vestibule group at Hadrian's Villa" in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 1933 p. 127-132 tav. 13-20

Mirick H.D.
"The Large Baths at Hadrian's Villa" in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 1933 p. 119-126 tav. 4-12
Three studies by american scholars quite acccurate, considering their date.

Lugli G.
"Studi topografici intorno alle antiche ville suburbane: Villa Adriana, una villa di età repubblicana inclusa nelle costruzioni imperiali" in Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 1926-27 54-55 p. 139-204
Lugli G.
"Studi topografici intorno alle antiche ville suburbane: Villa Adriana, le fasi della Villa da Adriano al tardo impero." in Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 1932 p. 111-176.
Two fundamental studies which for the first time identified the ancient republican Villa subsequently included in the hadrianic buildings. The first to talk about building techniques, too.

Bloch H.
"I bolli laterizi e la storia edilizia romana; la Villa di Adriano a Tivoli" in Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma 1937 65 p. 113-181
This is still the one and only article on brick stamps, basic tool to date the building phases of the Villa. Urgently needs to be updated.

Kähler H.
Hadrian und seine Villa bei Tivoli - Berlin 1950
A partial survey of the Villa focusing on the Accademia and the Casino of Semicircular arcades, which he wrongly considers a triclinium.

Rakob F.
"Der Bauplan eines kaiserlichen villa" in Festschrift K.L. Lankheit, Koln 1973, p. 113-125

Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Villa Adriana nei suoi limiti e nella sua funzionalità" Rendiconti Pontificia Accademia di Archeologia XIV 1982 p. 25-55
Summarizes the knowledge and the interpretation of the author, who studies the Villa as an architect. Has the better most updated and complete general map of the Villa since 1906. It also studies the subterranean road system called Grande Trapezio.

De Franceschini M.
Villa Adriana - Mosaici, pavimenti, edifici. Roma 1991
The first systematic survey of the Villa, with catalogue entries, featuring the history of the Villa, of the restorations. The study of the function of the buildings is based on the different decorative hierarchies, which allow the identification of 'noble' quarters, reserved to the emperor, secundary quarters for high ranking personnel, and a third for slaves and servants. It is the first complete study of mosaics and opus sectile pavements in the whole villa.

MacDonald W.L. Pinto L.A.
Hadrian's Villa and its legacy 1995
A very interesting and useful book, with a thorough study of antiquarian sources and on the influence of the Villa on modern architecture. Featuring rare pictures, new and original interpretations and ideas.


Single excavation and explorations reports

Martin J. - Boussois C.L.
"Fouilles exécuté par m. Boussois à la Villa d'Hadrien" in Melanges de l'Ecole Française de Rome 1913 XXXIII p. 261-265

Hülsen Cr. "
Der Kleinere Palast in der Villa des Hadrian bei Tivoli" in Sitrzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften Jahrgang 1919, 13 abh.

Paribeni R.
"Tivoli, Villa Adriana: Lavori di esplorazione e di riassetto" in Notizie degli Scavi 1922 p. 243-246
Paribeni R.
"Tivoli, Villa Adriana: Testa di figura muliebre d'arte severa" in Notizie degli Scavi 1927 p. 373-4
Paribeni R.
"Tivoli: rinvenimenti di sculture a Villa Adriana" in Notizie degli Scavi 1932 p. 120-125 tav. I

Lugli G.
"La Roccabruna della Villa Adriana" in Palladio 1940 p. 257-274

Aurigemma S.
"Lavori nel Canopo di villa Adriana " in Bollettino d'Arte 1954 p. 327-341
Aurigemma S.
"Lavori nel Canopo di villa Adriana II" in Bollettino d'Arte 1955 p. 64-78
Aurigemma S.
"Lavori nel Canopo di villa Adriana III" in Bollettino d'Arte 1956 p. 57-71
Aurigemma S.
La Villa Adriana presso Tivoli Roma 1961
A book and three articles on the horrific Aurigemma excavation at the Canopus in the 1950's: treasure hunting and great excitement about the Caryatids, nothing about stratigraphy and finds. No scientific evidence - perhaps only in the recostrunction of the waterworks. The anastylosis of the columnade surrounding the water basin of the Canopus is purely hypotetical, and so is the position of the statues.

Giuliani C. F.
"Il Vestibolo di Piazza d'Oro" in Quaderni dell'Istituto di Topografia Antica 8 1975 p. 3-54
A good work, precise and accurate: one wonders why it is limited to a very small part of the complex, and the work was never completed.

Verduchi P.
"Le Terme con cosiddetto Heliocaminus a Villa Adriana" in Quaderni dell'Istituto di Topografia Antica 8 1975 p. 55

Smith A.C.G.
"The date of the Grandi Terme of Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli" in Papers of the British School at Rome 1978 46 p. 73-93

Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Cucine e quartieri servili in epoca romana" in Rendiconti Pontificia Accademia di Archeologia 1978-80, 51-52 p. 237-294
On firemen's headquarters in the Villa.

Pacifici V.
"I primi lavori a Villa Adriana dopo l'acquisizione allo Stato Italiano 1872-3" in Atti Società Tiburtina Storia e Arte 57 1984 p. 233-254

Hoffman A.
Das Gartenstadion in der Villa Adriana 1980
Ueblacker M.
Das Teatro Marittimo in der Villa Adriana 1985
These two books show the way a survey and a study should be carried out. All buildings of the Villa should be studied with this method.

Mac Donald W.L. - Bernard Boyle
"The Small Baths of Hadrian's Villa" in Journal of Architectural Historians XXXIX n. 1 marzo 1980
Few lines, a restored plan, no detailed explanations.

Cicerchia P.
"Sul carattere distributivo delle "Terme con Heliocaminus" di Villa Adriana" in Xenia 9 1985 p. 47-60

Giubilei A.
"Villa Adriana. Il cosiddetto Edificio a triplice esedra. " in Bollettino d'Arte 75 1990 p. 47-58

Borgia E.
"Tivoli (Roma). Villa Adriana. Gli Hospitalia" in Bollettino di Archeologia 1991 p. 73-83, 95-96

Da Milano C.
"Tivoli (Roma) Villa Adriana. Strutture repubblicane del palazzo Imperiale" in Bollettino di Archeologia 16-18 1992 p. 73-85

Ferrera L.B.
"Tivoli (Roma) Villa Adriana. A proposito del cosiddetto Triclinio di Palazzo" in Bollettino di Archeologia 1992 16-18 p. 85-94

Garbrecht G. - Manderscheid H.
Die Wasserbewirtschaftung römischer Thermen. Archäologische und hydrotecnische Untersuchungen MInst Wasser 118 A-C 1994

Packer J.
"Mire exaedificavit: three recent books on Hadrian's Tiburtine villa" in Journal of Roman Archaeology 1998
An interesting review showing how plans of the same building can differ in the three books. Discussing how the Villa was recently studied.

Ortolani G.
Il padiglione di Afrodite Cnidia a Villa Adriana. Progetto e significato 1998

Hoffmann A.
"Villa Hadriana. Raum, Licht und Konstruction" in The Roman Villa. Villa urbana. 1998 p. 65-77 - First Williams Symposium of Classical Architecture held at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 21-22 april 1990, 1998

Manderscheid H.
"Heliocaminus, oder von der Zählebigkeit der Faktoide" in Archäologische Studien in Kontakzonen der antiken Welt 1998 p. 703-716

Hansen E.
"Il Belvedere dell'Accademia della Villa Adriana" in Damarato. Studi di antichità classica offerti a Paola Pelagtti. 2000 p. 387-398

Manderscheid H.
"Die Rotunde der Heliocaminusthermen in der Villa Adriana bei Tivoli. Resumée" in Cura aquarum in Sicilia. 2000 p. 211-212 Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress on the history of Water Management and Hydraulica engineering in the Mediterranean Region, Syracuse may 16/22 1998

Righi R.
"Torre di Roccabruna" in Archeologia e Giubileo 2001 p. 474-477

Mari Z. - Reggiani A.M. - Righi R.
"Grande Vestibolo presso le Cento Camerelle. Indagini e restauri" in Archeologia e Giubileo 2001 p. 478-483

Betori A. - Mari Z.
"Tivoli, Villa Adriana, edificio circolare noto come Sepolcro o tomba, campagna di scavo 2004, breve sintesi dei risultati" in Fasti On-line Documents and Research 2004 (internet site: http://www.fastionline.org)
Some brief notes on the recent excavation of the so called Mausoleum, which actually was a circular temple.

de Vos M.
"Una ricontestualizzazione degli aegyptiaca nella cosiddetta Palestra di Villa Adriana" in Atti del Convegno Symposium Ägyptische Einflüsse in Griechenland und Rom, Frankfurt am Main 28-11/30-11 2002, P. Bol editor. Frankfurt am Main 2004, pp. 207-213.

A study on the statues once decorating the Palestra; Mariette de Vos and the University of Trento are studying and surveying this building since 2003.

Hidalgo R. - Leon P.
"Excavaciòn arquelogica en el 'Teatro Greco' de Villa Adriana. Resultados de la primera campaña (2003)" in Romula 2004, vol 3, pp. 173-218.

About the first results of the excavation of the Greek Theater, carried on by the University of Sevilla, Spain. New rooms were discovered and the plan by Piranes was checked and corrected.

Lisi Tacchi, G.
"La Caserma dei Vigili di Villa Adriana. Indagine storico-costruttiva e ipotesi di destinazione d'uso", in Palladio 35, gennaio-giugno 2005, pp. 11-30.

Mari Z.
"La tomba-tempio di Antinoo a Villa Adriana" in Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina di Storia e Arte 2005 vol. 88, pp. 125-140.
Information on the discovery of the so called Antinoeion near the Vestibule of Hadrian's Villa.

Adembri B. - Mari Z. ed.
Suggestioni egizie a Villa Adriana. Roma 2006. Benedetta Adembri and Zaccaria Mari editors.

A series of articles about the most recent explorations carried on at Hadrian's Villa, in the so called temple-tomb of Antinous and in the Palestra. In the Palestra the archaeologist Zaccaria Mari discovered a monumental staircase with a statue of Sphinx, whose existence was completely unknown, since it was not marked in the ancient plans by Contini and Piranesi

Mari Z.
"Lo scavo della cd. Palestra a Villa Adriana" in Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina di Storia e Arte 2006 vol. 89, pp. 113-139.
Some notes on the recent excavation at the Palestra, during which a monumental staircase and a statue of Sphynx were discovered.

Quattrocchi G.
"Villa Adriana. Le ultime scoperte nel Teatro Greco" in Archeo, gennaio 2006 pp. 54-57.

Leon P. - Hidalgo R. - Peña A.
"Teatro Greco. Villa Adriana. Campañas de excavaciones arqueologicas 2003-2005", Sevilla 2007 Universidad Pablo Olavide
This important book shows the impressive results of the excavations at the Greek Theater which were held in recent years by the University Pablo Olavide of Sevilla, under the supervision of professors Pilar Leon and Rafael Hidalgo. This was done in a very short time - usually it takes years before publishing the results of an excavation like this - and with an ample and valuable documentation.


General works on the Villa

Mielsch H.
Die römische Villa. Architektur und Lebensform. München 1987 p. 181

Giuliani C.F.
"La Villa Adriana" in Adriano Architettura e progetto 2000 p. 45-56

Adembri B.
Villa Adriana, Guida Electa. 2000

AA.VV.
Villa Adriana. Paesaggio antico e ambiente moderno. Atti del convegno a Roma 23-24 giugno 2000. Roma 2002.

Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Villa Adriana, il sogno di un imperatore. Architettura, arte e giardini", Roma 2000

Adembri B. - Cinque G.E.
"Villa Adriana. La pianta del Centenario 1906-2006", Firenze 2006


Stuccoes, mosaics and frescoes

Ponce N.
Arabesques antiques des bains de Livie et de la Ville Adrienne ... Paris 1789
An antiquarian text with no scientific value.

Wadsworth E.L.
"Stucco Reliefs of the Ist and IInd Centuries" in Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome 1924, p. 44-95.

Wirth F.
"Römische Wandmalerei vom Untergang Pompeijs bis Hadrian" in Mitteilungen des Deutsches Archäilogisches Instituts Rom 44 1929 p. 143-5 (ristampa del 1968)
Deals with frescoes

Lavagne, H.
"La mosaïque de voute du Cryptoportique republicain et les debut de l'opus musivum en Italie" in Melanges de l'Ecole Française de Rome 1973 p. 197-246

Mielsch H
"Römische Stuckreliefs" in Mitteilungen des Deutsches Archäilogisches Instituts Rom, Suppl. 1975, 21.

Sear B.
"Roman Wall and Vault mosaics" in Mitteilungen des Deutsches Archäilogisches Instituts Rom 1977, suppl. 23.

Joyce H.
"Nicholas Ponce's Arabesques antiques. A problem in eighteenth Century archaeology." in GazBA 1989 114 p. 185-201
A résumé on Ponce and other antiquarian studies on the stuccoes of the Villa, shows how scarcely reliable they are.

Bruto M. L. - Vannicola C.
"Ricostruzione e tipologia delle crustae parietali in età imperiale" in Archeologia Classica 1990, p. 287-376
One of the very few studies on this subject, it shows that there is a great work to do in the field.

De Franceschini M.
Villa Adriana - Mosaici, pavimenti, edifici. Roma 1991
The first detailed catalogue of all pavement types in the Villa.

Guidobaldi F.
Sectilia Pavimenta di Villa Adriana 1994
Focused just on opus sectile pavements, but not in every building of the Villa, it has excellent pictures and good drawings. Unfortunately, this book indulges in reconstructions not always supported by real archaeological evidence.

Slavazzi F.
"I mosaici di monsignor Furietti. Nuove notizie. Il mosaico delle Colombe a Villa Adriana" in Atti X Colloquio Aiscom 2004, pp. 727-734

Molle C.
"La decorazione pittorica delle volte delle sostruzioni occidentali del Canopo di Villa Adriana" in Plafonds et voutes a l'époque antique. Actes du VIIIe Colloque international de l'association Internationale pour la peinture murale antique 15-19 mai 2001 Budapest, Budapest 2004, pp. 385-388

De Franceschini M.
Continuatio e renovatio nella Villa Adriana di Tivoli in Acta ad Archaeologiam et Artium Historiam Pertinentia 2006 XX pp. 79-103


Gardens, nymphaea and waterworks

Grimal P.
Les jardins romains Paris 1969

Neuerburg N.
"Fontane e Ninfei nell'Italia antica" in Memorie Istituto Archeologico di Napoli V 1965 p. 93 e 232-243 su Villa Adriana.
A catalogue of some of the main Nymphea of the Villa, together with others of roman antiquity, with interesting insight and comparisons.

Jashemski W. - Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"I giardini di Villa Adriana" in Rendiconti Pontificia Accademia di Archeologia 1987 p. 145-169

Lavagne H.
Operosa Antra. Rechereches sur la grotte a Rome de Sylla à Hadrien 1988.

Manderscheid U.
"Uberlegungen zur Wasserarchitektur und ihrer Funktion in der Villa Adriana" in Mitteilungen des Deutsches Archäilogisches Instituts Rom 2000 107 p. 109-139
A survey on the studies on the Villa's waterworks, very little known.

Jashemski W. - Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Preliminary excavations in the gardens of Hadrian's Villa. The Canopus area and the Piazza d'Oro" in American Journal of Archaeology 1992, 96, p. 579-595
Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Il sistema di irrigazione della Piazza d'Oro" in Rendiconti Pontificia Accademia di Archeologia 1989-90, p. 121 -150
Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Adriano: architettura del verde e dell'acqua" in Horti Romani, Bullettino Commissione Archeologica Comunale di Roma, Supplemento 6, 1998, p. 363-400
Three articles on the same subject. Small digs or partial studies such as these, cannot allow a reliable reconstruction of the Villa's gardens, not even relying on a very good imagination. There is a lot to work to do.

De Franceschini M.
Continuatio e renovatio nella Villa Adriana di Tivoli in Acta ad Archaeologiam et Artium Historiam Pertinentia 2006 XX pp. 79-103


Cryptoporticoes and subterranean galleries

Giuliani C.F.
"Contributi allo studio della tipologia dei Criptoportici" in Les Cryptoportiques dans l'Architecture Romaine. Colloque Ecole Francaise de Rome 19-23 Aprile 1972 - 1973 p. 79-116

Salza Prina Ricotti E.
"Criptoportici e Gallerie sotterranee di Villa Adriana nella loro tipologia e nelle loro funzioni" in Les Cryptoportiques dans l'architetcture romanine - Colloque Rome 1972, Rome 1973 p. 219-259

Macchi M.
"Tivoli (Roma) Villa Adriana. Il criptoportico con volta rampante" in Bollettino di Archeologia 1992 16-18 p. 94-105

Rinaldi E.
"Villa Adriana. Il sistema ipogeo del cosiddetto Vestibolo" in Atti e Memorie della Soc. Tiburtina Storia e Arte 2000 73 p. 7-36

Di Mento M.
"Villa Adriana. Il criptoportico e la galleria di servizio della Grandi Terme" in Atti e Memorie della Soc. Tiburtina Storia e Arte 2000 73 p. 37-61.


Sculpture

Lavin M.A.
"Seventeenth Century Barberini Documents and Inventories of Art", New York 1975, p. 136 n. 175.

Raeder J.
Die Statuarische Austattung der Villa Adriana bei Tivoli, 1983
Endless bibliography on this subject, the Catalogues of all main European and American museums are involved. This is still the fundamental textbook for the study of the sculptures of Villa Hadriana, thorough, precise, accurate. Previous bibliography is ample and complete. For the most ancient finds, every catalogue entry quotes Ligorio's description in detail. Unfortunately the quality of the (small) illustrations is very poor, and the pictures just a limited number.

Grenier J.C.
"Décoration statuaire du "Serapeum" du "Canope" de la villa Adriana. Essai de reconstruction et d'Interpretation" in Melanges de l'Ecole Française de Rome 1990 p. 101.
A new proposal of reconstruction of the disposition of the egyptian statues found by the Jesuits in the Canopus in the XVIII century.

Giubilei A.
"Il Conte Fede e la Villa Adriana: storia di una collezione d'arte" in Atti e Memorie della Società Tiburtina Storia e Arte 1995, 67 p. 81-147.
History of the sculpture collection of Count Giuseppe Fede in the XVIII century. Identifies the statues, publishing the original Will of their owner.

AA.VV.
Catalogo delle sculture in Adriano Architettura e progetto 2000 p. 182 ss.
A catalogue of some of the most famous statues found in the Villa. Beautyful pictures.

Newby Z.
"Sculptural Display in the so called Palestra of Hadrian's Villa" in Mitteilungen des Deutsches Archäologisches Instituts Rom 2002, vol. 109 pp. 59-82


Architectural questions: 'problem domes'

Hansen E.
"Piazza d'Oro e la sua cupola" in Analecta Romana Instituti Danici 1960 suppl I pp. 78

Rakob F.
Der Piazza d'Oro in der Villa Adriana bei Tivoli 1967

Rakob F.
"Metrologie und Planfiguren einer Kaiserlisch Bauhütte" in Bauplanung und Bautheorie der Antike. Diskussionen zur Archäologischen Bauforschung 1984, vol. 4 pp. 220-237

Lancaster, L.
Concrete Vaulted Construction in Imperial Rome. Innovations in Context. Cambridge 2005, pp. 30-31, 40, 46-47, 50, 126-128, 231

A very interesting work on roman building techniques, it explains that the 'pumpin' domes are a typical of hadrianic times and exist only in Hadrian's Villa. They were a way to show imperial power using unique and very expensive architectural features.


Restorations

Gizzi S.
"Per una rilettura della storia dei restauri di Villa Adriana dal 1841 al 1990" in Bollettino d'Arte 1999 84 p. 1-76
Gizzi S.
"Gli ultimi dieci anni di restauri a Villa Adriana" in Adriano Architettura e progetto 2000 p. 157-173
The only available source on the subject, these two articles have inedited pictures of ancient restorations and their subsequent demolition. It is a thorough and accurate survey of the problems and techniques involved in the preservation and restoration of an exceptional monument such as Villa Hadriana.

Manieri Elia G.
"Stabilità delle strutture e conservazione" in Adriano Architettura e progetto 2000 p. 175-181